Disseminated intravascular coagulation ( DIC). Acute Pulmonary edema with ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome). Loss of cell membrane function with increasing permeability.Īt organ level hyperthermia manifests as :. Failure of vital energy-producing process in the cells like oxidative phosphorylation and failure of enzyme function. Progressive denaturing of number of vital cellular proteins. When Core Body temperature (Rectal temperature/esophageal temperature) is greater than about 41.5☌ it results in: The usual body temperature of humans is between 36° C and 37.5☌. Drugs causing MH are volatile inhalation halogenated anesthetics and muscle relaxant suxamethonium. Resulting ca2+ stimulated glycolysis, muscle contraction, uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation leading to hyperthermia. Triggering drugs cause a release of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+. About 70% of families are linked to the RYR1 gene located on chromosome 19q. Genetically inherited disorder (autosomal dominant). Mortality rates have fallen from 70-80 % to 2-3 % due to increase awareness, monitoring standards, and Dantrolene. SSRI toxicity and other drug toxicities,. Few important differentials to consider in ED are: A good history from the patient (if possible), carers or relatives is crucial to the diagnosis. There are multiple differentials to the cause of hyperthermia. Serotonin Toxicity/syndrome(SS) – Serotonin TOXICITY – link. Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome(NMS) – link. Hyperthermia secondary to other processes Hepatic Metabolism stimulation-e.g -sympathomimetic drugs. 
Uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation- e.g., Salicylate overdose.Exercise-associated hyperthermia:- a continuum of heat-related conditions due to environmental heat and exercise.Hyperthermia, however, occurs when the body temperature rises without a change in the heat control centers.įailure of hhermal homeostasis and increased heat production The action of the pre-optic region of the anterior hypothalamus in response to infection sets the core temperature. When the core temperature is set higher, fever occurs. Hyperthermia differs from fever in that the body’s temperature set point remains unchanged. Different sources have different cut-offs. Temperature greater than 37.5–38.3 ☌ (99.5–100.9 ☏) depending on the reference used is, hyperthermia, with severe hyperthermia being greater than 40☌(104☏). Extreme temperature elevation then becomes a medical emergency requiring immediate treatment to prevent disability or death. It generally due to failed thermoregulation which occurs when a body produces or absorbs more heat than it disseminates. Hyperthermia is elevated body temperature.
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